Search results for "Animal data"
showing 10 items of 15 documents
Theabrownin triggersDNAdamage to suppress human osteosarcoma U2OScells by activating p53 signalling pathway
2018
Abstract Osteosarcoma becomes the second leading cause of cancer death in the younger population. Current outcomes of chemotherapy on osteosarcoma were unsatisfactory to date, demanding development of effective therapies. Tea is a commonly used beverage beneficial to human health. As a major component of tea, theabrownin has been reported to possess anti‐cancer activity. To evaluate its anti‐osteosarcoma effect, we established a xenograft model of zebrafish and employed U2OS cells for in vivo and in vitro assays. The animal data showed that TB significantly inhibited the tumour growth with stronger effect than that of chemotherapy. The cellular data confirmed that TB‐triggered DNA damage an…
Human-based evidence for the therapeutic potential of arginase inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases
2020
Arginase is a ubiquitous enzyme that regulates polyamine- and nitric-oxide-requiring vascular functions. It is well-established that, in mammals, arginase overactivation contributes to endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of cardiovascular diseases. The pharmacological potential of arginase inhibition for improving vascular function is largely supported by a wide range of data from animal studies. However, caution is required before extrapolating animal data to humans because interspecies differences in arginase expression and localization have been observed. For this reason, this review presents the existing arguments from human data in favor of a role of arginase in cardiovascular diseases…
Association of 5′ end neuregulin-1 ( NRG1 ) gene variation with subcortical medial frontal microstructure in humans
2007
Animal data suggest that the gene neuregulin-1 (NRG1) is involved in neuronal myelination. A haplotype (deCODE) in the 5' end region of the gene was described to double the risk for schizophrenia in an Icelandic population (Stefansson, H., Sigurdsson, E., Steinthorsdottir, V., Bjornsdottir, S., Sigmundsson, T., Ghosh, S., Brynjolfsson, J., Gunnarsdottir, S., Ivarsson, O., Chou, T.T., Hjaltason, O., Birgisdottir, B., Jonsson, H., Gudnadottir, V.G., Gudmundsdottir, E., Bjornsson, A., Ingvarsson, B., Ingason, A., Sigfusson, S., Hardardottir, H., Harvey, R.P., Lai, D., Zhou, M., Brunner, D., Mutel, V., Gonzalo, A., Lemke, G., Sainz, J., Johannesson, G., Andresson, T., Gudbjartsson, D., Manolesc…
Asymmetry in dopamine D2/3 receptors of caudate nucleus is lost with age
2007
Molecular and functional imaging techniques reveal evidence for lateralization of human cerebral function. Based on animal data, we hypothesized that asymmetry in dopamine neurotransmission declines during normal aging. In order to test this hypothesis, we measured dopamine D2/3 receptor availability with [18F]desmethoxyfallypride-PET (DMFP) in putamen and caudate nucleus (NC) of 21 healthy, right-handed males (24-60 years; 35+/-10). For volumetric analysis, high-resolution T1-weighted MR-images were obtained in 18 of the PET-subjects in order to assess possible age-related decreases in NC and putamen volume. The calculated DMFP binding potentials (BP) showed a right-ward asymmetry in NC of…
Decreased dopamine D2/D3-receptor binding in temporal lobe epilepsy: an [18F]fallypride PET study.
2006
Summary: Purpose: Although animal data are suggestive, evidence for an alteration of the extrastriatal dopaminergic system in human focal epilepsy is missing. Methods: To quantify D2/D3-receptor density, we studied seven patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and nine agematched controls with positron emission tomography (PET) by using the high-affinity dopamine D2/D3-receptor ligand [ 18 F]Fallypride ([ 18 F]FP) suitable for imaging extrastriatal binding. TLE was defined by interictal and ictal video-EEG, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([ 18 F]FDG)-PET and was due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS), based on histology in all patients. Primary analysis was ba…
Agkistrodon ameliorates pain response and prevents cartilage degradation in monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritic rats by inhibiting chondroc…
2019
Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by joint pain and cartilage degradation, is the most common form of joint disease worldwide but with no satisfactory therapy available. The ethanol extract of Agkistrodon acutus (EAA) has been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of arthralgia and inflammatory diseases, but there is no report regarding its efficacy on OA to date. Here, we determined the effects of EAA on the pain behavior and cartilage degradation in vivo and clarified its target genes and proteins associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis in vitro. Materials and methods In vivo OA model was established by…
Mechanisms of Shared Vulnerability to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders
2020
Psychoactive substance use is a nearly universal human behavior, but a significant minority of people who use addictive substances will go on to develop an addictive disorder. Similarly, though ~90% of people experience traumatic events in their lifetime, only ~10% ever develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Substance use disorders (SUD) and PTSD are highly comorbid, occurring in the same individual far more often than would be predicted by chance given the respective prevalence of each disorder. Some possible reasons that have been proposed for the relationship between PTSD and SUD are self-medication of anxiety with drugs or alcohol, increased exposure to traumatic events due to a…
355 Night shift work and prostate cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in Spain
2013
Objectives Recent epidemiologic and animal data indicate that night work may increase the risk of cancer and specifically breast cancer. There is limited evidence on other hormone related cancers. We evaluated prostate cancer risk and night shift work in a population based case-control study in Spain, the MCC-Spain. Methods Incident prostate cancer cases (n = 1117) and randomly selected population controls (n = 1165) were enrolled in 7 regions of Spain. Lifetime occupational history including details on shift work, and information on lifestyle factors were assessed by face-to-face interviews. We estimated the risk of different shift profiles using unconditional logistic regression models ad…
What is new for an old molecule? : Systematic review and recommendations on the use of resveratrol
2011
BackgroundResveratrol is a natural compound suggested to have beneficial health effects. However, people are consuming resveratrol for this reason without having the adequate scientific evidence for its effects in humans. Therefore, scientific valid recommendations concerning the human intake of resveratrol based on available published scientific data are necessary. Such recommendations were formulated after the Resveratrol 2010 conference, held in September 2010 in Helsingør, Denmark.MethodologyLiterature search in databases as PUBMED and ISI Web of Science in combination with manual search was used to answer the following five questions: (1)Can resveratrol be recommended in the prevention…
4000 years of human dietary evolution in central Germany, from the first farmers to the first elites
2018
Investigation of human diet during the Neolithic has often been limited to a few archaeological cultures or single sites. In order to provide insight into the development of human food consumption and husbandry strategies, our study explores bone collagen carbon and nitrogen isotope data from 466 human and 105 faunal individuals from 26 sites in central Germany. It is the most extensive data set to date from an enclosed geographic microregion, covering 4,000 years of agricultural history from the Early Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age. The animal data show that a variety of pastures and dietary resources were explored, but that these changed remarkably little over time. In the human δ15N h…